ESG Policies
NOK Charter of Corporate Behavior
We, NOK Corporation, are committed to being an entity that fulfills the role of driving efforts toward the realization of a sustainable society according to our founding Principles under the NOK spirit. We will pursue this through developing the Management Policies in such a way that all our stakeholders are proud of us and chase their dream with us; and, while upholding the principle of fair and free competition, through creating added value that is socially useful, generating employment, and acting autonomously and responsibly. In order to achieve this realization, we will behave according to the eleven principles set forth below in the Principles of Corporate Behavior in both domestic and overseas operations, so as so respecting human rights, complying with related laws, regulations, and international rules as well as the spirit behind those, and discharge our social responsibility with a strong sense of ethical values.
Enacted on May 1, 2006
Revised on July 1, 2019
Our Founding Principles
- The Management has to run the Company based on feelings of care and trust in its employees.
- The Management has to run the Company while uniting to ensure full ventilation without forming any cliques.
- The Management has to run the Company while making absolutely incredible efforts against all odds and risks.
- The Management has to run the Company while pursuing dreams with management plan.
Management Policies
- We are committed to be a strong and unique parts supplier while focusing its managerial resources on core business areas.
- We are committed to be a profitable and robust company while fulfilling company-wide cost reduction programs ranging from front-line sales to manufacturing floor.
- We are committed to continuously improving our quality while producing and selling our products that are proven to be technologically unique and socially useful, on a global scale.
Principles of Corporate Behavior
1. Provision of Socially Useful Products | We will develop and provide socially useful and safe products through the creation of new value, and provide pertinent information regarding products and have sincere dialogues with end users and customers while also working to achieve sustainable economic growth and solve social issues, thereby gaining their satisfaction and deeper trust. |
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2. Fair and Appropriate Trade | We will ensure that we engage in fair, transparent, and free competition, that transactions are appropriate, and that responsible procurement is carried out, when selling products and purchasing materials. Also, we will maintain a sound and proper relationship with political bodies and government agencies. |
3. Proper Disclosure and Management of Information | We will disclose accurate information about the Company timely and appropriately, and have constructive dialogues with the various stakeholders who surround our business in order to increase the corporate value. Also, protect and properly manage personal and customer data and other types of information as well as intellectual property rights. |
4. Thorough Risk Management and Severance of all relations with Antisocial Forces and Groups | We will resolutely provide systematic risk management to prepare against activities of antisocial forces, terrorists, cyberattacks, natural disasters, and other elements that threaten the lives of the public and business activities. Especially we will resolutely confront any antisocial forces or groups and sever all relations with such groups. |
5. Commitment to Environmental Conservation | We will proactively initiate environmental conservation activities while taking into account the fact that commitment to solving environmental issues is a prerequisite for a company to engage in business activities as a going concern. |
6. Promotion of Social Contribution Activities | As a good corporate citizen, we will actively participate in communities and contribute to their development. |
7. Cooperation with the International Community | As a global corporation, we will comply with laws and regulations of the countries and regions where our business operations are based, and respect human rights and other international norms of behavior (ex. prohibition of child labour and forced labour). Also, conduct business by taking into consideration the local culture and customs as well as the interests of stakeholders, and contribute toward the development of the local economy and society. |
8. Respect for Human Rights | We will carry out management that respects the human rights of all people. |
9. Provision of a Safe and Comfortable Working Environment | We will realize a work style that enhances the abilities of employees while respecting their diversity, character and personality, and by drawing a line between public and private matters, and maintaining order in the workplace, we will realize a comfortable working environment that takes cleanliness, health, and safety into consideration. |
10. Responsibilities of Our Officers | Our officers, while carrying out management with the recognition that it is their role to realize the spirit of this Charter, will establish effective internal control systems, and will take the lead in an exemplary manner to implement the Charter within the entire NOK Group, while encouraging our business counterparts to act in a manner consistent with this Charter. In addition, our officers will constantly listen to opinions from both within and outside the Company to ensure compliance with business ethics. |
11. Response to Problems | In the event that a matter in noncompliance with this Charter arises, which causes society to lose trust in us, our officers will take steps such as taking the lead in solving the problem, identifying the cause, and taking measures to prevent the recurrence of similar problems, thus fulfilling their responsibilities. Moreover, they will publicly disclose relevant information promptly and appropriately, fulfill their accountability requirements, indicate those who are in authority and those who are responsible, and severely punish those involved, including them. |
NOK Group Environmental Statement
As NOK Group is a part of society, all employees recognize that the company's operations, products, and services have a significant impact on the environment on a global scale. To foster the development of a sustainable society, we establish NOK Group Environmental Statement and strive for environmental conservation management that considers future generations and beyond. We also work with internal and external stakeholders, including employees, shareholders, local communities, and business partners in the value chain from raw material procurement, production, distribution, use, and disposal to continuously reduce our environmental impact.
- Based on our existing proprietary technologies, we strive to reduce environmental impact by promoting the improvement of technologies and the development of products that take environmental conservation into consideration.
- We comply with environmental laws and regulations, local government ordinances, and regional agreements, etc., and promote activities for environmental conservation.
- We promote energy conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a decarbonized society.
- We strive to conserve resources and contribute to a circular society by reducing, reusing, and recycling waste.
- To conserve water resources, we promote efficient water use and appropriate management of water quality.
- We assess our impact on biodiversity and promote biodiversity conservation activities tailored to local characteristics in cooperation with business partners and external organizations.
- We strive to prevent environmental pollution and reduce environmentally hazardous substances by thoroughly managing all chemical substances.
- We disclose information on environmental conservation and social contribution activities and proactively communicate with local and broader society.
- We promote environmental education for all our employees to raise awareness of the global environment.
- We strive to continuously improve our environmental management system by setting targets, promoting activities to reduce environmental impact, and regularly assessing progress.
Established on September 17, 2001
Revised on June 28, 2023
Representative Director,
Group Chief Executive Officer,
NOK CORPORATION
Masao Tsuru
Environmental Management System
In order to promote environmental conservation and management smoothly and steadily, NOK is working on the following company-wide system. The Central Environmental Conservation Committee, chaired by the President and Representative Director, determines the risks and opportunities involved in environmental conservation and management, as well as company-wide business policies.
The ESG Committee also reports to the Board on important issues such as priorities and outcomes of identified risks and opportunities. Substantial environmental conservation activities are promoted mainly by the company-wide Environmental Secretariat and the Energy Conservation Subcommittee under the supervision of the company-wide Environmental Conservation Supervisor, and environmental conservation activities are carried out in accordance with environmental targets and policies at each business site.
In fiscal 2021, we set up a subcommittee to deal with carbon neutrality. We will study road maps to achieve carbon neutrality and specific methods to reduce CO2 emissions, and promote measures to achieve carbon neutrality.
Human Rights Statement
NOK Group Human Rights Statement
- Human Rights Statement
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In line with our management philosophy of fostering a company driven by love and trust in our employees, the NOK Group places utmost importance on the well-being and dignity of each individual within our organization.
We are committed to upholding human rights as protected in internationally recognized norms, including the International Bill of Human Rights, the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and the Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact.
The NOK Group aligns with and supports the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and our company policy is founded upon these principles. Furthermore, through our Principles of Corporate Behavior, we recognize that compliance with local laws, adherence to international norms - including human rights, and consideration of cultural diversity, customs, and stakeholder interests - are integral to our operations, and we pledge to respect human rights across all countries and regions where we conduct business. - Scope of Application
- This policy applies to all individuals within the NOK Group, including officers, employees, suppliers, and other relevant parties. We require the utmost respect for human rights throughout our supply chain, ensuring that no entity associated with the NOK Group is complicit in any human rights violations.
- Human Rights Due Diligence
- Based on this policy, the NOK Group will institute and execute essential mechanisms for human rights due diligence. In alignment with the NOK Group Procurement Policy and CSR Procurement Guidelines, we will require our suppliers to adhere to human rights standards. Additionally, we will request our other business partners to uphold human rights based on this policy.
- Remediation & Correction
- We have implemented a dedicated point of contact for reporting human rights compliance violations and seeking consultations. Upon identifying a breach that has resulted in or contributed to an adverse impact on human rights, we will take prompt action to address and rectify the situation.
- Education & Training
- To ensure a comprehensive understanding and consistent implementation of this policy among all officers and employees, we will continually foster awareness through educational initiatives, training programs, and ongoing efforts. These initiatives will specifically focus on enhancing knowledge and promoting a culture of respect for human rights and preventing harassment.
- Priority Action Areas & Transparency
- Following this policy, we will concentrate on the designated priority action areas outlined separately to uphold our commitment to human rights. To ensure transparency and accountability, we will diligently execute these initiatives and provide regular updates on our progress and outcomes through various channels, including our company website.
Established: December 16, 2021
Revised: May 24, 2023
Representative Director,
Chief Executive Officer,
NOK CORPORATION
Masao Tsuru
Priority Action Areas
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Ensuring freedom of association and collective bargaining rights
NOK Group strictly adheres to the laws and regulations of the countries where we operate, ensuring that our employees are free to join or establish labor unions without any hindrance. Moreover, we actively recognize and support the exercise of collective bargaining rights. -
Eliminating forced labor
The NOK Group maintains a zero-tolerance policy towards forced labor and human trafficking, whereby individuals are coerced into work against their will and under the threat of punishment. -
Eradicating child labor
The NOK Group firmly opposes and prohibits child labor below the minimum age defined by labor laws and regulations in the countries and regions where we operate and international norms. -
Ensuring equal opportunities and non-discrimination in employment
The NOK Group is committed to providing equal and unbiased employment opportunities to all individuals, irrespective of their race, color, gender, religion, political opinion, national origin, social origin, age, disability, HIV/AIDS infection or development, labor union membership, sexual orientation, or political or personal beliefs. We strictly prohibit any form of discrimination based on these grounds. -
Ensuring harassment prevention
At the NOK Group, we hold the utmost respect for the human rights of every employee. We maintain a zero-tolerance policy towards all forms of harassment, including power harassment and sexual harassment. -
Ensuring fair wages and responsible working hours
We are dedicated to upholding the payment of wages following legal requirements and endeavor to provide living wages or higher. Additionally, we strictly prohibit excessive overtime work that surpasses the legal limits on working hours.
Procurement-Related
1. Procurement Policy
- We comply with laws, regulations and social norms.
- Based on the idea of free competition, we select suppliers in a stringent manner by providing fair and equal opportunities.
- We share mutual interests and benefits with suppliers based on the idea of mutual prosperity.
- We engage in open communication and build a relationship of trust with suppliers.
- We conduct improvement activities proactively in collaboration with suppliers.
2. NOK Group Sustainability Procurement Guidelines
We, NOK Group, are committed to being an entity that fulfills the role of driving efforts toward the realization of a sustainable society while upholding the principle of fair and free competition, through creating added value that is socially useful, generating employment, and acting autonomously and responsibly.
We believe that if we are to achieve this goal, it is essential that our awareness is shared across suppliers and to work together throughout the supply chain to realize a sustainable society, and established NOK Group Sustainability Procurement Guidelines as our code of conduct.
We ask our suppliers, who are important business partners of the NOK Group, to understand the purpose of this guideline and to implement it on their own, and we also ask their own suppliers to implement it.
NOK Group Sustainability Procurement Guidelines (941KB)
Main content
- Human rights and Labor
- Health and Safety
- Environment
- Product Quality and Safety
- Ethics
- Information Security
- Supply chain
3. Declaration for Building Partnerships
NOK joined the "Declaration for Building Partnerships" by the Cabinet Office and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, which was announced on April 1, 2022.

4. Requests to Our Suppliers
Our Policy on Gifts and Entertainment
Please note that we will decline the following gifts and entertainment from our suppliers.
- We will not accept any cash, gift certificates, gift cards for books, merchandise, or other types of gifts.
- We will not accept any special discount for the supplier's products.
- We will decline invitations to such events as dining and golfing, unless otherwise agreed between the supplier and our company in advance.
- We will not sell or buy stock based on the supplier's internal information.
- We will not accept any other gifts or entertainment that are socially inappropriate.
5. Consultation Desk
We have a consultation desk to address compliance issues regarding transactions with NOK Group companies.
(Legal Affairs Section, Legal Affairs Department, Corporate Administration Office, NOK CORPORATION)
NOK's production activities are centered on industrial components made from polymeric materials, such as synthetic rubber and resin. We are committed to environmental conservation activities such as managing environmentally hazardous substances used in production processes, saving energy and resources, and reducing waste.
To extend these controls beyond production processes to procurement activities, we have established the NOK Group Green Procurement Guideline. Controlling environmentally hazardous substances and building a system to guarantee the non-inclusion of these substances throughout the supply chain are our priorities.
6. Green Procurement Guidelines
7. Supplier
We are looking for business partners, not only within Japan but across the globe, who can supply materials for NOK products in a stable and sustainable manner. We welcome suppliers of the materials and metal parts used for our main products, such as seals and flexible printed circuits (FPC).
We hope this page will also help you understand our procurement activities and look forward to hearing from you.
We are particularly interested in the following materials.
NO | Procurement Items |
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1 | Nitrile rubber |
2 | Acrylic rubber |
3 | Silicone rubber |
4 | Fluororubber |
5 | Chloroprene rubber |
6 | Ethylene propylene rubber |
7 | Urethane rubber |
8 | Fluororesin |
9 | Polyimide (For this material, please click the item name to send your proposal.) |
10 | Carbon |
11 | Rubber chemical |
12 | Plasticizer |
13 | Adhesive |
14 | Cold rolled steel sheet |
15 | Stainless steel sheet |
16 | Hot rolled steel sheet |
17 | Steel wire |
Please click here to send your proposal.
For Polyimide, please click the link in the table to send your proposal.
Behavioral Guidelines Concerning Employee Compliance (Plan)
1. Respect for Human Rights, Prohibition against Discrimination and Harassment
- Diversity, character and personality must be respected, and there shall be no discrimination based on race, skin color, creed, religion, nationality, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, place of origin, or bodily or mental handicaps. Moreover, such discrimination shall not be forgiven.
- There shall be no acts of harassment that negatively affect the workplace environment by impairing the dignity of, inconveniencing or threatening individuals, or the like. In addition, such harassment shall not be forgiven.
2. Fair and Appropriate Trade
- Attitudes toward agents and distributors
- We should comply with laws including the Anti-monopoly Act, which regulates unfair transactions, in doing business with agents and distributors.
- Relationships with and attitudes toward competing companies
- When we have contact and do business with competing companies, we shall comply with laws including the Anti-Monopoly Act, which prohibits unfair transaction methods. We should not criticize or defame competing companies and their products, nor illegally obtain confidential information about them.
- Relations with and attitudes toward vendors
- When doing business with venders, we shall comply with laws including the Law on Subcontracting, and conduct fair and equal transactions with vendors.
- Prohibition against having a cozy relationship with business counterparts and bribery to public officers
- We should not undertake any act that may bring an inappropriate relationship with business counterparts, such as giving/receipt of money, gifts, or entertainment, or other economic interests that are not in the range of socially accepted benefits, to/from business counterparts or their officers/staffs etc., or by asking them to stand surety for a debt.
Also, we should not bribe public officers or the like for the purpose of obtaining illicit gains in business.
3. Regulations against Insider Trading
- If we learn of important unpublished facts about the Company (or its subsidiaries), the facts shall be strictly kept confidential until the facts are published, and stocks or the like of the Company shall not be traded.
- If we learn of important unpublished facts concerning competing companies or other entities such as customers (or its subsidiaries), the facts shall be strictly kept confidential until the facts are published, and stocks or the like of the competing companies and the customers etc. shall not be traded.
- When dealing in stocks of the Company, we must fully comply with all regulations, such as prior notification or the like stipulated in the "Regulations of Insider Trading".
4. Export/Import Procedures (Security Trade Control)
- Exports and imports shall be conducted under proper procedures and declarations.
- We must not export or import contraband goods, or be involved in such activities.
- Exports and imports of regulated goods (goods or the like that require permission, approval, or notification) shall be conducted after undertaking the necessary procedures with the competent authorities.
5. Laws Related to Intellectual Property Rights
- When products are manufactured, sold, imported, or displayed, we much investigate whether the products infringe intellectual property rights owned by others, and confirm that such products do not infringe such rights.
- We must not undertake any act that infringes intellectual property rights owned by others, such as making copies of computer software without permission.
6. Severance of all relations with Antisocial Forces
- We shall not have any relation at all with antisocial activities and forces that threaten the lives of the public and business activities, or which interfere with economic activities.
- If we receive unlawful demands from antisocial forces, we must not make thoughtless compromises, such as by giving money.
Moreover, we must sever promptly the relationship, once it is found that the business counterparts are antisocial forces. - We should not undertake any business with antisocial forces, even if the forces are legal.
- We should not make use of the influence of antisocial forces.
7. Environmental Conservation
- We should comply with environmental ordinances and the Basic Policies on Environmental Conservation.
- We should recognize that efforts tackling environmental problems all have the common theme of working toward achieving a sustainable society, and we should proactively work on environmental conservation as a good corporate citizen.
8. Safety and Health
- We should comply with industrial safety and health ordinances and the NOK Group Safety Principles, and we should diligently ensure our actions are carried out with a full awareness of safety and health.
9. Provision of Useful and Safe Products
- We should carry out activities to develop and manufacture socially useful and safe products while working toward achieving a sustainable society.
- We should carry out development and manufacturing in ways that ensure the safety and quality of products by basing those activities on the quality management system while continuingly improving that system, and we should provide products that comply with related ordinances, pass the prescribed tests, and satisfy the demands of the customers.
10. Appropriate Management of Information
- Proper use of confidential information
- We should not make use of confidential information belonging to the Company, such as disclosure to any third party without permission, or use such information for our own interests.
- Disclosure of confidential information
- When it is necessary to disclose confidential information belonging to the Company to a third party, we should enter into a confidentiality agreement without fail.
- Confidential information belonging to a third party
- We should not make inappropriate use of confidential information disclosed by a third party. If a confidentiality agreement is executed, we should observe the agreement.
- Management of information
- For the preparation and receipt, and handling, such as custody, maintenance and disposal, etc. of confidential information, the person who prepared the information or the addressee shall personally carry out such actions, and must take every step not to leak confidential matters.
- Obligation to maintain confidentiality after resignation
- Even after leaving the company, ex-employees should not undertake any act that impairs the Company's interests, such as leaking the Company's confidential information that may have come to a person's knowledge in the performance of their duties, or use such for their own or a third party's interests.
11. Prohibition against Acts that may Damage the Company's Interests
- We should not undertake any act that may damage the Company's reputation or credit status.
- We should not undertake any illegal acts that may lose or impair the tangible or intangible assets of the Company.
- If we resign from the Company, we must return all things that rightfully belong to the Company. We should not illegally use such things after resignation.
- If we have to undertake an act that may conflict with the interests of the Company, we should do so only after obtaining the required approval or permission as provided in the ordinances or rules.
- For any act undertaken in connection with business affairs, we must be conscious that the responsibility may extend to the Company, even if such act is not within the province of the Company's authority, and we should not undertake any act that is beyond the authority provided.
12. Giving Report of Violations of Ordinances etc.
If we become aware of conduct that violates the ordinances and/or the in-house rules/regulations, we should immediately report it to the persons designated to receive such reports as prescribed in the Compliance Rules.
If the violating conduct is not rectified despite having reported it as described above, or if it is difficult to report such conduct to the persons designated to receive such reports, we should report the matter to the whistle-blowing hotline (hotline inside the Company or outside the Company).
Established on August 1, 2006
Revised on July 1, 2011
Revised on January 1, 2020
NOK Group Policy on Prevention of Corruption and Bribery
Established on April 1, 2023
The NOK Group declares in NOK Charter of Corporate Behavior that it will maintain "fair, transparent, and free competition, appropriate business transactions, and sound and normal relations with political and administrative authorities," and that corruption and bribery are prohibited.
As a signatory to the United Nations Global Compact, the NOK Group respects the Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact and has established the NOK Group Policy on Prevention of Corruption and Bribery to further promote measures to prevent corruption and bribery.
Under this policy, the Group has established a basic policy on preventing bribery of domestic and foreign public officials and those in a similar position (hereinafter referred to as "Public Officials") as well as private citizens and private companies. By complying with this policy, the Group will sincerely engage in the prevention of corruption through its business activities and endeavor to improve the sustainability and transparency of both society and companies.
- Compliance with Laws and Regulations
- We will observe laws and regulations prohibiting bribery (hereinafter referred to as "bribery related laws and regulations") in the performance of group duties in the countries and regions concerned.
- Prohibition of Provision or Receipt of Illicit Profit
- We will not engage in any acts (including facilitation payments) that are prohibited by bribery related laws and regulations for the purpose of obtaining illicit or unfair profits, regardless of whether domestic or foreign, directly or indirectly, public officials, private citizens, or private companies.
- Prohibition of Bribery Through Third Parties
- We will prevent bribery through third parties and will not tolerate such acts by appropriately managing business relationships with third parties, such as agents and consultants.
- Proper Accounting and Record Management
- We will keep accurate and factual accounting books and other records for all transactions related to this policy, perform appropriate accounting procedures, and properly maintain these records.
- Education and Training
- We shall provide education and training on the prevention of corruption and bribery for officers and employees to thoroughly inform them of the purpose and content of this policy.
- Effective Operation of the Whistle-Blowing System
- We will establish a contact point for consultation and reporting for when we recognize an act that violates or may violate this policy, and we will use this contact point to prevent, detect early, and correct the act in question.
- Risk Assessment and Review
- We will periodically assess risks of corruption and bribery, handle high-risk business activities in a focused manner, and review this policy and responses based on this policy as necessary.
- Monitoring and Continuous Improvement
- We will monitor the status of compliance with this policy and internal rules concerning the prevention of corruption and bribery, and make continuous improvements based on the results.
NOK Group Information Security Basic Policy
Established: July 1, 2008
Revised: March 10, 2025
The NOK Group ("the Group") sets forth and enforces the following information security basic policy with the aim of appropriately protecting and utilizing information obtained from outside parties, including customers, and its information assets, including intellectual property rights, that constitute the Group's management resources.
- Scheme
- The Group appropriately manages its information assets by setting information security regulations and establishing an information security management scheme.
- Inspection and audit
- The Group performs inspections and audits of its information security management to identify and rectify any problems.
- Education/training
- The Group provides its directors and employees with education/training necessary to ensure information security.
- Compliance with laws, regulations, agreements, etc.
- The Group complies with all laws, regulations, agreements, etc. concerning the handling of information.
- Contingency response
- The Group endeavors to prevent information security incidents and ensures a prompt and appropriate response if any incident ever occurs, including taking measures to prevent recurrences.
Representative Director,
Chief Executive Officer,
NOK CORPORATION
Masao Tsuru
Tax Policy
Basic Concept
The NOK Group operates worldwide. We regard fulfilling tax obligations in each country and region as a fundamental and crucial social responsibility for any company. Based on this view, we have established a tax policy and are working to ensure transparency in tax matters.
- Basic Policy
- We conduct fair and appropriate business activities globally based on the NOK Charter of Corporate Behavior and our Behavioral Guidelines on Employee Compliance. Regarding taxes, our tax department leads information sharing with related department and engages external experts like tax accountants for support. Through these efforts, we ensure our compliance with tax laws and regulations in all countries and regions where we operate. Should there ever arise any actions that deviate from tax laws or any issues that suggest tax avoidance, we will promptly correct them and ensure proper tax payments.
- Appropriate Tax Payment
- The countries and regions where the Group operates are chosen based on business needs. Tax burden is just one factor among many. We do not choose locations mainly for their low tax rates. We base our tax planning on the intent of tax laws and regulations in each country and region. While we consider and implement plans that benefit cash flow and optimize tax costs, we do not adopt abnormal tax structures that use entities without substance for tax avoidance.
- Complying with the Transfer Pricing Taxation
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Transactions between overseas affiliates of the Group are conducted based on arm's length price based on the functions and risks of each site, based on the OECD guidelines and the transfer pricing taxation of each country.
In addition, we are preparing transfer pricing documents in accordance with the tax systems of each country. We are also working to reduce transfer price risks through a system that verifies and corrects transaction prices after the fact. - Complying with Anti-Tax Haven Rules
- The Group does not use tax havens for the purpose of tax avoidance. We properly file and pay taxes in the countries and regions where we operate. When we need to operate in low-tax countries for legitimate business reasons, we accurately calculate the tax burden and assess economic rationality based on economic activity standards. We reflect these assessments in our tax filings as needed.
- Relationships with Tax Authorities
- The NOK Group responds earnestly to requests from tax authorities in each country and region where we operate. By providing accurate tax information, we strive to build healthy relationships with these authorities. We also implement measures to prevent recurrence of any issues identified by the tax authorities.